Rankings · Egypt

Presidents

• Real GDP during each president's tenureMinistry of Planning and Economic Development national accounts via the World Bank (NY.GDP.MKTP.KN, constant 2021-22 prices), by fiscal year (July to June, dated at its middle), to 2024-25
• Real GDP per person during each president's tenureMinistry of Planning and Economic Development GDP via the World Bank (constant 2021-22 prices, by fiscal year, as the GDP row), over CAPMAS's population estimates via the IMF's World Economic Outlook, interpolated to the middle of the fiscal year
• Unemployment rate during each president's tenureCAPMAS (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics), Labour Force Survey, quarterly, from CAPMAS's data API: the unemployed (counted from 15 to 64) over the labour force, CAPMAS's headline rate, from 2010
• Employment rate, 15 and over during each president's tenureCAPMAS (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics), Labour Force Survey, quarterly, from CAPMAS's data API: the employed over the population aged 15 and over, CAPMAS's rate, from 2015; before it the same survey's microdata as ILOSTAT computes them (quarterly from 2008, 15 and over), which read about half a point to a point higher in 2015
• Inflation (urban CPI) during each president's tenureCAPMAS urban consumer price index, the headline index, via the IMF (CPI, all items, spliced across CAPMAS's base years by the IMF), change on the same month a year earlier
• Consumer prices (urban CPI) during each president's tenureCAPMAS urban consumer price index via the IMF (CPI, all items, CAPMAS's base years spliced into one index by the IMF, 2010 = 100)
• Exchange rate during each president's tenureCentral Bank of Egypt official rate via the IMF (ER, Egyptian pounds per US dollar, period average)
• Government debt during each president's tenureIMF World Economic Outlook, general government gross debt (GGXWDG_NGDP), by fiscal year (July to June, labelled by the year it ends), the years of actual figures only (the latest an estimate)
• Population during each president's tenureCAPMAS population estimates via the IMF's World Economic Outlook (LP, by fiscal year, dated at its end in June), the years of actual figures only; the UN's estimates (World Bank) run about ten million higher
• Crude oil output during each president's tenureUS Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics: crude oil including lease condensate, thousand barrels a day, monthly, the EIA's estimates from national, OPEC and industry sources
• Happiness during each president's tenureWorld Happiness Report, Figure 2.1 data (Gallup World Poll): life evaluation, the national average answer to Gallup's question of where on a ladder from 0 (the worst possible life) to 10 (the best) people stand today; each point the average of three years of surveys, dated at the middle one, with the WHR's 95 % interval from 2019; 2013 is not published
• Government effectiveness during each president's tenureWorld Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (GOV_WGI_GE.SC): perceptions of the quality of public services, the civil service and of policy-making, a score from 0 to 100 with its 90 % interval
• Regulatory quality during each president's tenureWorld Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (GOV_WGI_RQ.SC): perceptions of the government's ability to make and carry out sound rules that let private business form and compete, a score from 0 to 100 with its 90 % interval
• Rule of law during each president's tenureWorld Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (GOV_WGI_RL.SC): confidence in contracts, property rights, the police and the courts, a score from 0 to 100 with its 90 % interval
• Control of corruption during each president's tenureWorld Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (GOV_WGI_CC.SC): perceptions of public power used for private gain, petty and grand, a score from 0 to 100 with its 90 % interval
• Corruption perceptions index during each president's tenureTransparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI score): perceived public-sector corruption as business people and country experts rate it, comparable from 2012, the score as TI publishes it with its confidence interval
• Voice and accountability during each president's tenureWorld Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (GOV_WGI_VA.SC): perceptions of how far citizens can take part in choosing their government, and of freedom of expression, association and the media, a score from 0 to 100 with its 90 % interval
• Electoral democracy index during each president's tenureV-Dem Institute, V-Dem dataset v16 (v2x_polyarchy): the electoral democracy index, free and fair elections with wide suffrage and the freedoms of association and expression that make them count, as V-Dem's country experts rate them, with V-Dem's confidence interval; the 0 to 1 index times 100
• Liberal democracy index during each president's tenureV-Dem Institute, V-Dem dataset v16 (v2x_libdem): the liberal democracy index, electoral democracy plus the checks on the executive and the rights of the person, as V-Dem's country experts rate them, with V-Dem's confidence interval; the 0 to 1 index times 100
• Freedom of expression during each president's tenureV-Dem Institute, V-Dem dataset v16 (v2x_freexp_altinf): the freedom of expression and alternative sources of information index, the press, academic and private speech and the media's independence, as V-Dem's country experts rate them, with V-Dem's confidence interval; the 0 to 1 index times 100
• Political stability during each president's tenureWorld Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (GOV_WGI_PV.SC): perceptions of the likelihood of political instability or politically motivated violence, terrorism included, a score from 0 to 100 with its 90 % interval